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taq pro universal sybr quantitative pcr qpcr master mix  (Vazyme Biotech Co)


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    Vazyme Biotech Co taq pro universal sybr quantitative pcr qpcr master mix
    Taq Pro Universal Sybr Quantitative Pcr Qpcr Master Mix, supplied by Vazyme Biotech Co, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 4906 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/pcr+mix/Taq+Pro+Universal+SYBR+qPCR+Master+Mix/pmc13651840-283-6-15
    Average 99 stars, based on 4906 article reviews
    taq pro universal sybr quantitative pcr qpcr master mix - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    99/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium ( Bionectriaceae , Hypocreales ) from Xizang, China
    Article Snippet: .. The PCR was performed in a 25 μL reaction volume, comprising 21 μL PCR Mix (2 × Rapid Taq Master Mix, Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China), 1 μL of each primer, 2 μL of DNA template. ..

    Article Title: Taxonomic contributions to Pleosporales and Kirschsteiniotheliales from the Xizang Autonomous Region, China
    Article Snippet: .. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction was performed in a 25 μL reaction volume, comprising 21 μL PCR Mix (2× Rapid Taq Master Mix, Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China), 1 μL of each primer, 2 μL DNA template (Table 1). ..

    Article Title: The detection of Salmonella in food based on PCR combined with Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute
    Article Snippet: Salmonella is a common zoonotic foodborne bacterial pathogen.. In poultry farms, Salmonella can cause pullorum disease, which characterizes decreased appetite and diarrhea in chicks, accompanied by a high mortality rate in the first week of life itself.. In pig farms, Salmonella mainly infects piglets and causes porcine paratyphoid, characterizing septicemia and necrotic enteritis and sometimes leading to severe symptoms such as encephalitis.

    Article Title: Taxonomic contributions to Pleosporales and Kirschsteiniotheliales from the Xizang Autonomous Region, China
    Article Snippet: .. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction was performed in a 25 μL reaction volume, comprising 21 μL PCR Mix (2× Rapid Taq Master Mix, Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China), 1 μL of each primer, 2 μL DNA template ( ). ..

    Article Title: Establishment of a rapid RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a system targeting the recN gene for on-site detection of Streptococcus suis in livestock and fresh pork meat.
    Article Snippet: et al. 2021).. Additionally, it poses a substantial zoonotic threat, endangering both the swine industry and public health (Brizuela et al. 2023, 2024; Murray et al. 2023; Dumesnil et al. 2018).. With the increasing trend toward intensive swine farming, there is a growing demand for timely and accurate surveillance of S. suis (Weldearegay et al. 2023).

    Article Title: Breeding of glyphosate-tolerant genetically modified rice BriA15-38
    Article Snippet: .. The PCR reaction mixture (20 μL) consisted of the following components: 10 μL of 2 × PCR Mix (P213-03, Vazyme, Nanjing, China), 0.6 μL forward primers (10 μmol/L), 0.6 μL reverse primers 0.4 μL (10 μmol/L), 1.0 μL genomic DNA template, and 7.8 μL ddH 2 O. ..

    Article Title: Identification of transcriptionally-active human papillomavirus integrants through nanopore sequencing reveals viable targets for gene therapy against cervical cancer.
    Article Snippet: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China International Science and Technology Collaboration Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China

    other:

    Article Title: pH-neutralization strategy to suppress GPCR68 spatiotemporally activates T cells and enhances anti-tumor immunity
    Article Snippet: SYBR Green (Pierce) is used as a fluorescent dye during the PCR amplification, and primers are used to determine the transcript levels of every gene.

    Nanopore Sequencing:

    Article Title: Identification of transcriptionally-active human papillomavirus integrants through nanopore sequencing reveals viable targets for gene therapy against cervical cancer.
    Article Snippet: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China International Science and Technology Collaboration Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China

    RNA Sequencing:

    Article Title: Identification of transcriptionally-active human papillomavirus integrants through nanopore sequencing reveals viable targets for gene therapy against cervical cancer.
    Article Snippet: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China International Science and Technology Collaboration Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China



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    ( A ) Circos plot of the assembled male common carp genome assembly with A/B subgenome-resolved chromosomes. From the outermost to the innermost layers are chromosome ideograms and positions, gene density, LINE density, Gypsy repeat density, Copia repeat density, DNA transposon density, GC content, and intragenomic syntenic links, calculated in 200-kb sliding windows. ( B ) Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) visualization of resequencing read coverage in male (red) and female (blue) individuals across the male-specific region of chromosome B25 (ChrB25). ( C to E ) Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of XX, XY, and YY common carp, using a digoxigenin-labeled Y-specific probe (green) and a biotin-labeled probe for an adjacent X/Y-homologous region (red). Dashed white boxes indicate labeled chromosomes. Scale bar, 5 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( F ) Gene structure, predicted open reading frame (ORF), and deduced protein product of pangu. ( G ) Tissue distribution of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in 60 dpf male common carp. ( H ) Rel. exp. pattern of pangu in male gonads as revealed by <t>qRT-PCR</t> across developmental stages. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( I ) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) showing annotated cell clusters of XY gonads at 60 to 80 dpf. Sertoli cells are indicated by red circles. ( J ) UMAP showing predominant expression of pangu in Sertoli cells. The dashed rectangle marks the area selected for magnification, and the corresponding enlarged insets (shown at the upper right) provide a detailed view of pangu expression in Sertoli cells. ( K and L ) In situ hybridization of pangu mRNA in XX (K) and XY (L) gonads at 60 dpf. Dashed boxes outline gonadal regions. Scale bar, 50 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates are shown.
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    ( A ) Circos plot of the assembled male common carp genome assembly with A/B subgenome-resolved chromosomes. From the outermost to the innermost layers are chromosome ideograms and positions, gene density, LINE density, Gypsy repeat density, Copia repeat density, DNA transposon density, GC content, and intragenomic syntenic links, calculated in 200-kb sliding windows. ( B ) Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) visualization of resequencing read coverage in male (red) and female (blue) individuals across the male-specific region of chromosome B25 (ChrB25). ( C to E ) Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of XX, XY, and YY common carp, using a digoxigenin-labeled Y-specific probe (green) and a biotin-labeled probe for an adjacent X/Y-homologous region (red). Dashed white boxes indicate labeled chromosomes. Scale bar, 5 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( F ) Gene structure, predicted open reading frame (ORF), and deduced protein product of pangu. ( G ) Tissue distribution of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in 60 dpf male common carp. ( H ) Rel. exp. pattern of pangu in male gonads as revealed by <t>qRT-PCR</t> across developmental stages. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( I ) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) showing annotated cell clusters of XY gonads at 60 to 80 dpf. Sertoli cells are indicated by red circles. ( J ) UMAP showing predominant expression of pangu in Sertoli cells. The dashed rectangle marks the area selected for magnification, and the corresponding enlarged insets (shown at the upper right) provide a detailed view of pangu expression in Sertoli cells. ( K and L ) In situ hybridization of pangu mRNA in XX (K) and XY (L) gonads at 60 dpf. Dashed boxes outline gonadal regions. Scale bar, 50 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates are shown.
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    ( A ) Circos plot of the assembled male common carp genome assembly with A/B subgenome-resolved chromosomes. From the outermost to the innermost layers are chromosome ideograms and positions, gene density, LINE density, Gypsy repeat density, Copia repeat density, DNA transposon density, GC content, and intragenomic syntenic links, calculated in 200-kb sliding windows. ( B ) Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) visualization of resequencing read coverage in male (red) and female (blue) individuals across the male-specific region of chromosome B25 (ChrB25). ( C to E ) Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of XX, XY, and YY common carp, using a digoxigenin-labeled Y-specific probe (green) and a biotin-labeled probe for an adjacent X/Y-homologous region (red). Dashed white boxes indicate labeled chromosomes. Scale bar, 5 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( F ) Gene structure, predicted open reading frame (ORF), and deduced protein product of pangu. ( G ) Tissue distribution of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in 60 dpf male common carp. ( H ) Rel. exp. pattern of pangu in male gonads as revealed by <t>qRT-PCR</t> across developmental stages. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( I ) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) showing annotated cell clusters of XY gonads at 60 to 80 dpf. Sertoli cells are indicated by red circles. ( J ) UMAP showing predominant expression of pangu in Sertoli cells. The dashed rectangle marks the area selected for magnification, and the corresponding enlarged insets (shown at the upper right) provide a detailed view of pangu expression in Sertoli cells. ( K and L ) In situ hybridization of pangu mRNA in XX (K) and XY (L) gonads at 60 dpf. Dashed boxes outline gonadal regions. Scale bar, 50 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates are shown.
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    Image Search Results


    ( A ) Circos plot of the assembled male common carp genome assembly with A/B subgenome-resolved chromosomes. From the outermost to the innermost layers are chromosome ideograms and positions, gene density, LINE density, Gypsy repeat density, Copia repeat density, DNA transposon density, GC content, and intragenomic syntenic links, calculated in 200-kb sliding windows. ( B ) Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) visualization of resequencing read coverage in male (red) and female (blue) individuals across the male-specific region of chromosome B25 (ChrB25). ( C to E ) Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of XX, XY, and YY common carp, using a digoxigenin-labeled Y-specific probe (green) and a biotin-labeled probe for an adjacent X/Y-homologous region (red). Dashed white boxes indicate labeled chromosomes. Scale bar, 5 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( F ) Gene structure, predicted open reading frame (ORF), and deduced protein product of pangu. ( G ) Tissue distribution of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in 60 dpf male common carp. ( H ) Rel. exp. pattern of pangu in male gonads as revealed by qRT-PCR across developmental stages. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( I ) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) showing annotated cell clusters of XY gonads at 60 to 80 dpf. Sertoli cells are indicated by red circles. ( J ) UMAP showing predominant expression of pangu in Sertoli cells. The dashed rectangle marks the area selected for magnification, and the corresponding enlarged insets (shown at the upper right) provide a detailed view of pangu expression in Sertoli cells. ( K and L ) In situ hybridization of pangu mRNA in XX (K) and XY (L) gonads at 60 dpf. Dashed boxes outline gonadal regions. Scale bar, 50 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates are shown.

    Journal: Science Advances

    Article Title: A helix-loop-helix gene orchestrates male fate in common carp

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg3698

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Circos plot of the assembled male common carp genome assembly with A/B subgenome-resolved chromosomes. From the outermost to the innermost layers are chromosome ideograms and positions, gene density, LINE density, Gypsy repeat density, Copia repeat density, DNA transposon density, GC content, and intragenomic syntenic links, calculated in 200-kb sliding windows. ( B ) Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) visualization of resequencing read coverage in male (red) and female (blue) individuals across the male-specific region of chromosome B25 (ChrB25). ( C to E ) Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of XX, XY, and YY common carp, using a digoxigenin-labeled Y-specific probe (green) and a biotin-labeled probe for an adjacent X/Y-homologous region (red). Dashed white boxes indicate labeled chromosomes. Scale bar, 5 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( F ) Gene structure, predicted open reading frame (ORF), and deduced protein product of pangu. ( G ) Tissue distribution of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in 60 dpf male common carp. ( H ) Rel. exp. pattern of pangu in male gonads as revealed by qRT-PCR across developmental stages. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( I ) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) showing annotated cell clusters of XY gonads at 60 to 80 dpf. Sertoli cells are indicated by red circles. ( J ) UMAP showing predominant expression of pangu in Sertoli cells. The dashed rectangle marks the area selected for magnification, and the corresponding enlarged insets (shown at the upper right) provide a detailed view of pangu expression in Sertoli cells. ( K and L ) In situ hybridization of pangu mRNA in XX (K) and XY (L) gonads at 60 dpf. Dashed boxes outline gonadal regions. Scale bar, 50 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates are shown.

    Article Snippet: Semiquantitative PCR was performed on cDNA templates using the 2× PCR Master Mix (TOYOBO, Japan; catalog no. KMM-101).

    Techniques: Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Labeling, Tissue, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

    ( A ) PCR genotyping of the F 2 pangu mutant line using allele-specific primers. M, DL2000 DNA marker. ( B ) qRT-PCR analysis of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in the F 2 pangu mutant line at 19, 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Expression levels were normalized to those of YY pangu Δ288/+ . Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. Different letters (a, b) indicate statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey′s multiple-comparisons test). ( C to F ) Representative external morphology, gonadal anatomy, and H&E-stained gonadal sections from 8-month-old F 2 pangu mutant line. Abbreviations: SC, spermatocytes; SZ, spermatozoa; PO, primary oocytes; PV, previtellogenic oocytes. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( G to I ) Rel. exp. analysis of amh (G), dmrt1 (H), and foxl2 (I) in the pangu mutant line at 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Expression levels were normalized to the YY pangu Δ288/+ group for amh and dmrt1 , and to the XX group for foxl2 . Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( J to Q ) Immunofluorescence analysis of Foxl2 [(J) to (M)] and Amh [(N) to (Q)] in the pangu mutant line at the onset of sex differentiation (35 dpf). Foxl2 and Amh, green; Vasa, red; nuclei, blue (DAPI). The upper-right inset in each panel shows the corresponding single-channel image of Foxl2 or Amh. Scale bar, 25 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown.

    Journal: Science Advances

    Article Title: A helix-loop-helix gene orchestrates male fate in common carp

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg3698

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) PCR genotyping of the F 2 pangu mutant line using allele-specific primers. M, DL2000 DNA marker. ( B ) qRT-PCR analysis of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in the F 2 pangu mutant line at 19, 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Expression levels were normalized to those of YY pangu Δ288/+ . Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. Different letters (a, b) indicate statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey′s multiple-comparisons test). ( C to F ) Representative external morphology, gonadal anatomy, and H&E-stained gonadal sections from 8-month-old F 2 pangu mutant line. Abbreviations: SC, spermatocytes; SZ, spermatozoa; PO, primary oocytes; PV, previtellogenic oocytes. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( G to I ) Rel. exp. analysis of amh (G), dmrt1 (H), and foxl2 (I) in the pangu mutant line at 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Expression levels were normalized to the YY pangu Δ288/+ group for amh and dmrt1 , and to the XX group for foxl2 . Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( J to Q ) Immunofluorescence analysis of Foxl2 [(J) to (M)] and Amh [(N) to (Q)] in the pangu mutant line at the onset of sex differentiation (35 dpf). Foxl2 and Amh, green; Vasa, red; nuclei, blue (DAPI). The upper-right inset in each panel shows the corresponding single-channel image of Foxl2 or Amh. Scale bar, 25 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown.

    Article Snippet: Semiquantitative PCR was performed on cDNA templates using the 2× PCR Master Mix (TOYOBO, Japan; catalog no. KMM-101).

    Techniques: Genotyping, Mutagenesis, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Morphology, Staining, Immunofluorescence

    ( A ) PCR genotyping of the F 3 pangu transgenic line using sex-specific (top) and transgene-specific (bottom) primers. M, DL2000 DNA marker. ( B ) qRT-PCR analysis of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in the F 3 pangu transgenic line at 19, 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Expression levels were normalized to those of XX Tg( pangu ). Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. Different letters (a, b) indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA with Tukey′s multiple-comparisons test). ( C to F ) Representative external morphology, gonadal anatomy, and H&E-stained gonadal sections of 8-month-old pangu transgenic line. Abbreviations: SC, spermatocytes; SZ, spermatozoa; PO, primary oocytes; PV, previtellogenic oocytes. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( G to I ) qRT-PCR analysis of amh (G), dmrt1 (H), and foxl2 (I) in the pangu transgenic line at 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Relative transcript levels were normalized to the XY pangu Δ288 Tg( pangu ) group for amh and dmrt1 , and to the XX group for foxl2 . Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( J to Q ) Immunofluorescence analysis of Foxl2 (J to M) and Amh (N to Q) in the pangu transgenic line at the onset of sex differentiation (35 dpf). Foxl2 and Amh, green; Vasa, red; nuclei, blue (DAPI). The upper-right inset in each panel shows the corresponding single-channel image of Foxl2 or Amh. Scale bar, 25 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown.

    Journal: Science Advances

    Article Title: A helix-loop-helix gene orchestrates male fate in common carp

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg3698

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) PCR genotyping of the F 3 pangu transgenic line using sex-specific (top) and transgene-specific (bottom) primers. M, DL2000 DNA marker. ( B ) qRT-PCR analysis of pangu relative expression (Rel. exp.) in the F 3 pangu transgenic line at 19, 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Expression levels were normalized to those of XX Tg( pangu ). Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. Different letters (a, b) indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA with Tukey′s multiple-comparisons test). ( C to F ) Representative external morphology, gonadal anatomy, and H&E-stained gonadal sections of 8-month-old pangu transgenic line. Abbreviations: SC, spermatocytes; SZ, spermatozoa; PO, primary oocytes; PV, previtellogenic oocytes. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( G to I ) qRT-PCR analysis of amh (G), dmrt1 (H), and foxl2 (I) in the pangu transgenic line at 35, 60, and 120 dpf. Relative transcript levels were normalized to the XY pangu Δ288 Tg( pangu ) group for amh and dmrt1 , and to the XX group for foxl2 . Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per group. ( J to Q ) Immunofluorescence analysis of Foxl2 (J to M) and Amh (N to Q) in the pangu transgenic line at the onset of sex differentiation (35 dpf). Foxl2 and Amh, green; Vasa, red; nuclei, blue (DAPI). The upper-right inset in each panel shows the corresponding single-channel image of Foxl2 or Amh. Scale bar, 25 μm. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown.

    Article Snippet: Semiquantitative PCR was performed on cDNA templates using the 2× PCR Master Mix (TOYOBO, Japan; catalog no. KMM-101).

    Techniques: Genotyping, Transgenic Assay, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Morphology, Staining, Immunofluorescence

    ( A ) Volcano plots of DEGs comparing mutant and transgenic lines at 30 dpf. Red, blue, and gray dots indicate up-regulated, down-regulated, and nonsignificant genes, respectively. ( B ) Venn diagram of DEG overlaps among the three comparisons. ( C ) qRT-PCR validation of five putative pangu targets at 19 and 25 dpf. Relative transcript levels were normalized to the XX group. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; ns, not significant. ( D ) Expression of the five genes in pangu mutant and transgenic lines at 19 dpf. Different letters (a, b) indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA with Tukey′s multiple-comparisons test). Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. ( E to L ) Immunofluorescence analysis of Cyp19a1a expression patterns in pangu mutant [(E) to (H)] and transgenic lines [(I) to (L)] at 35 dpf. Representative images from three biological replicates. The upper-right inset in each panel shows the corresponding single-channel image of Cyp19a1a. Dual-luciferase assays in HEK293T ( M ) and kFFs ( N ) cell lines validating the regulatory effects of pangu on cyp19a1a . pGL3, A pro, and B pro indicate the empty vector pGL3-Basic, and the reporter constructs pGL3- cyp19a1a-A -luc and pGL3- cyp19a1a-B -luc, respectively. Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate technical replicates. ( O to Q ) Morphology, gonadal anatomy, dissected gonads, and H&E staining results of 8-month-old XY (O), XY pangu Δ288 (P), and XY pangu Δ288 cyp19a1a-A − / B − P 0 mutants (Q), respectively. Abbreviations: SC, spermatocytes; SZ, spermatozoa; PO, primary oocytes; PV, previtellogenic oocytes. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( R ) Model: This study identifies a Y-specific 1487-bp sequence encoding an uncharacterized HLH peptide (Pangu). Functional analyses show that pangu is both necessary and sufficient for male sex determination by repressing cyp19a1a expression.

    Journal: Science Advances

    Article Title: A helix-loop-helix gene orchestrates male fate in common carp

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg3698

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Volcano plots of DEGs comparing mutant and transgenic lines at 30 dpf. Red, blue, and gray dots indicate up-regulated, down-regulated, and nonsignificant genes, respectively. ( B ) Venn diagram of DEG overlaps among the three comparisons. ( C ) qRT-PCR validation of five putative pangu targets at 19 and 25 dpf. Relative transcript levels were normalized to the XX group. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; ns, not significant. ( D ) Expression of the five genes in pangu mutant and transgenic lines at 19 dpf. Different letters (a, b) indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA with Tukey′s multiple-comparisons test). Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. ( E to L ) Immunofluorescence analysis of Cyp19a1a expression patterns in pangu mutant [(E) to (H)] and transgenic lines [(I) to (L)] at 35 dpf. Representative images from three biological replicates. The upper-right inset in each panel shows the corresponding single-channel image of Cyp19a1a. Dual-luciferase assays in HEK293T ( M ) and kFFs ( N ) cell lines validating the regulatory effects of pangu on cyp19a1a . pGL3, A pro, and B pro indicate the empty vector pGL3-Basic, and the reporter constructs pGL3- cyp19a1a-A -luc and pGL3- cyp19a1a-B -luc, respectively. Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate technical replicates. ( O to Q ) Morphology, gonadal anatomy, dissected gonads, and H&E staining results of 8-month-old XY (O), XY pangu Δ288 (P), and XY pangu Δ288 cyp19a1a-A − / B − P 0 mutants (Q), respectively. Abbreviations: SC, spermatocytes; SZ, spermatozoa; PO, primary oocytes; PV, previtellogenic oocytes. Representative images from three biological replicates per genotype are shown. ( R ) Model: This study identifies a Y-specific 1487-bp sequence encoding an uncharacterized HLH peptide (Pangu). Functional analyses show that pangu is both necessary and sufficient for male sex determination by repressing cyp19a1a expression.

    Article Snippet: Semiquantitative PCR was performed on cDNA templates using the 2× PCR Master Mix (TOYOBO, Japan; catalog no. KMM-101).

    Techniques: Mutagenesis, Transgenic Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Analysis, Luciferase, Plasmid Preparation, Construct, Morphology, Staining, Sequencing, Functional Assay